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Research Highlights

Karolinska Institutet

Stockholm, Sweden

Sweden's medical powerhouse, where registry-scale epidemiology, laboratory discovery and the Nobel Assembly shape medicine worldwide.

Founded in 1810, Karolinska Institutet is one of the world's foremost medical universities and the source of a large share of Sweden's academic medical research. From its twin campuses in Solna and Flemingsberg, closely intertwined with Karolinska University Hospital, its researchers span the full arc of medicine: molecular and cell biology, neuroscience, oncology, epidemiology, global health and care sciences. The institute's signature strength is scale: Sweden's national health registers, biobanks and cohorts such as the Swedish Twin Registry allow Karolinska teams to follow hundreds of thousands of patients over decades, producing evidence that changes clinical guidelines worldwide, while laboratories pursue advances from in vivo cell therapies to vaccine immunology. Karolinska is also a founding partner of SciLifeLab, Sweden's national hub for molecular biosciences. Each autumn the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, a reminder of the institution's central place in the global medical research community.

A year of research

18 highlights, November 2025 to October 2026
October 2026

Lower cancer risk after obesity surgery, regardless of age or sex

A Nordic registry study in JAMA Surgery finds bariatric surgery is associated with a 19 per cent lower risk of obesity-related cancers, with liver cancer risk roughly halved.

September 2026

Aspirin did not prevent recurrence after liver metastasis surgery

Final results of the Nordic ASAC trial in The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology show daily low-dose aspirin failed to cut recurrence or death after curative-intent treatment.

September 2026

Longer intervals between colonoscopies may be safe after polyp removal

Two New England Journal of Medicine studies with Karolinska involvement suggest patients with high-risk adenomas can wait five years rather than three for surveillance.

August 2026

Blood-thinning medication linked to slower cognitive decline

In a nationwide SveDem study of 7,308 people with atrial fibrillation and Alzheimer's disease, users of modern anticoagulants declined more slowly on cognitive tests.

August 2026

Neanderthal gene variant may increase muscle mass in people today

A Current Biology study from Karolinska and the Max Planck Institute shows a growth hormone receptor variant inherited from Neanderthals makes cells respond more strongly.

July 2026

Teenage social media time not linked to later mental ill-health

A five-year Karolinska follow-up of Swedish adolescents finds no lasting association between time on social media at 15 and depression or anxiety in young adulthood.

June 2026

Kidney disease risk threshold confirmed by more accurate measurement

A JAMA study of 6,174 Stockholm adults with directly measured kidney function validates the diagnostic threshold for chronic kidney disease against hard outcomes.

June 2026

Microglia can drive aggressive brain tumours in children

Karolinska researchers show the brain's own immune cells supply fibronectin that helps diffuse midline glioma invade, and that blocking it curbs tumour spread.

May 2026

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease found in coeliac disease

A matched cohort study of over 200,000 US adults with coeliac disease finds modestly higher rates of major cardiovascular events and an 18 per cent higher risk of death.

April 2026

Vaccine strategy induces broadly neutralising HIV antibodies

In a Nature study, every vaccinated macaque developed antibodies against the stable apex of HIV's envelope spike, neutralising strains the animals had never encountered.

April 2026

Childhood trauma linked to treatment-resistant depression

A Swedish twin study of around 17,800 people finds the risk of depression that fails to respond to treatment rises with each additional adverse childhood experience.

March 2026

Diabetes drug semaglutide linked to better mental health outcomes

Swedish register data on nearly 100,000 people with depression or anxiety show GLP-1 users, especially on semaglutide, needed less psychiatric hospital care.

March 2026

Immune cells programmed inside the body to fight cancer

A Nature paper from Karolinska and UCSF describes particles that create gene-targeted CAR-T cells in vivo; a single injection cleared cancer in nearly all treated mice.

February 2026

Exercise and nutritional drinks can reduce care needs in dementia

A Karolinska analysis of the OPEN study finds a simple sit-to-stand exercise and protein drink regime was linked to reduced care time in nursing home dementia units.

February 2026

Early-life gut bacteria may protect children against allergies

A Nature Microbiology study of the Swedish ALADDIN cohort links bifidobacteria that produce aromatic lactic acids to fewer allergy antibodies and less eczema by age two.

January 2026

Blood test reveals risk of developing multiple chronic diseases

Karolinska's Aging Research Center shows seven common biomarkers predict how many diseases older adults accumulate and how fast, validated in a US cohort.

December 2025

HPV vaccine protects against severe lesions of the vulva and vagina

A JAMA Oncology register study of 778,943 women finds vaccination is associated with roughly 37 per cent lower risk of high-grade vulvovaginal lesions.

November 2025

Genes may help predict suicide risk in early-onset depression

A Nordic genome-wide study of over 150,000 people with depression finds early-onset disease has a distinct genetic architecture and markedly higher suicide attempt risk.