PHOENIX · From Fragile Habitat to Sustainable Future: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Protect and Understand Endemic Phoenix spp. Ecosystems

The native Phoenix palm species in Europe, Phoenix theophrasti and Phoenix canariensis, are key components of Mediterranean ecosystems. Found in natural groves, agricultural areas, and urban settings, these palms support regional biodiversity and ecological balance. Phoenix theophrasti primarily grows in Crete and parts of southern Turkey, thriving in coastal valleys and riparian zones, including unique forests like Vai in Crete. Phoenix canariensis is endemic to the Canary Islands, forming groves in ravines and alluvial soils. The endemic Phoenix atlantica inhabits arid regions of Cabo Verde and is also used ornamentally.Research will explore their ecological roles, addressing habitat needs, growth, drought resistance, pollination, seed dispersal, and reproductive success. Genetic analyses will reveal diversity, gene flow, and hybridization risks, helping to protect genetic health amid environmental pressures. Phenology studies will document life cycle events critical for adaptive conservation.Allometric models will estimate biomass and carbon storage, aiding sustainable management. Habitat mapping will incorporate Earth Observation data for monitoring spatial and temporal changes, supporting accessible geoportals for stakeholders.Conservation actions reinforce vulnerable populations through artificial pollination, seed banking, and tailored forest management. Genetic monitoring will help to prevent hybridization and invasive species impacts.Blending traditional knowledge with scientific insights supports sustainable use and innovative Phoenix-derived products, providing economic and environmental benefits. Dissemination through Massive Open Online Courses will promote knowledge sharing and collaboration for ongoing conservation.This integrated approach fosters long-term conservation and sustainable management of Phoenix palms amid ecological and socio-economic challenges.