NeuroNzyme · Conductive Nanoeuctectogels: Self-Powered Nanobioelectrodes for in situ Neuroprotection in Stroke Recovery (NeuroNzyme)

The NeuroNzyme project represents a pioneering effort to develop a cutting-edge, self-powered, and non-invasive nanoplatform designed to enhance stroke recovery through electrical stimulation and neuroprotective therapy. At the heart of this innovation is a dual-function nanoparticle that combines the roles of both a nanoelectrode and a nano-enzymatic biofuel cell. The core of this novel approach lies in the nanoparticle's ability to generate microcurrents through a process involving the collective action of thousands of these particles surrounding neurons. This electrical stimulation activates voltage-gated ion channels on the neurons, which plays a critical role in promoting the regeneration of nervous tissue following a stroke. By continuously providing these microcurrents, the nanoparticles help facilitate the repair and rebuilding of damaged neural pathways.These nano-enzymatic biofuel cells are powered by physiological fluids within the body. As they operate, they also offer a neuroprotective antioxidant effect by regulating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly reactive molecules that can contribute to further neuronal damage if not properly controlled. By managing ROS levels, the nanoparticles help to protect neurons from oxidative stress, thereby contributing to a more favorable environment for recovery.Moreover, the nanoparticles are engineered with a specific enzymatic tandem embedded within a specialized nanogel. This nanogel features a deep eutectic solvent interpenetrated network, which is crucial for maintaining high enzymatic activity over extended periods. The deep eutectic solvent enhances the stability and efficiency of the enzymes, ensuring that the nano-enzymatic biofuel cells remain effective in generating electrical stimulation and providing antioxidant protection.