ARCH-3D · Chromatin 3D Structure of Archaic Human Populations and Its Impact on Modern Human Genomes

Most people alive today carry genetic material inherited from ancient hominins like Neanderthals or Denisovans. This introgression has shaped traits such as immunity, skin pigmentation, and disease susceptibility, yet the precise genetic mechanisms behind these influences remain unclear. Understanding how this archaic DNA continues to affect modern human biology could unlock new insights into both human uniqueness and diversity. While advances have been made in understanding the 3D structure of the genome and how genes are regulated spatially, the role of archaic DNA in these processes remains not fully understood. ARCH-3D aims to address this by constructing the first 3D models of Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes, offering a groundbreaking view of their spatial organisation. By comparing these models to modern human genomes, ARCH-3D will explore how introgressed regions influence gene regulation and contribute to human diversity. These regions may also reveal new targets for drug development, providing a practical application of the findings. Based at the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research (MIAR) at the University of Cambridge, ARCH-3D will be conducted under the supervision of Dr. Guy Jacobs, an expert in human population genetics and archaic introgression. MIAR’s interdisciplinary environment, with its focus on human evolutionary genetics and archaeology, will provide invaluable resources for the computational analysis and interpretation of results in an evolutionary context. Dr. Wlasnowolski will also receive comprehensive training in cutting-edge computational techniques and interdisciplinary research, enhancing his academic career prospects. This experience will prepare him for roles in industries such as drug development, where understanding genetic mechanisms is essential, ultimately strengthening the impact of European science and industries like AstraZeneca, will advance European excellence and competitiveness in the field.