ANOREP · Targeting the reproductive biology of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae: from laboratory studies to field applications

Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes are the major vectors of malaria, a disease with devastating consequences forhuman health. Novel methods for controlling the natural vector populations are urgently needed, given theevolution of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes and the lack of novel insecticidals. Understanding theprocesses at the bases of mosquito biology may help to roll back malaria. In this proposal, we will targetmosquito reproduction, a major determinant of the An. gambiae vectorial capacity. This will be achieved attwo levels: (i) fundamental research, to provide a deeper knowledge of the processes regulating reproductionin this species, and (ii) applied research, to identify novel targets and to develop innovative approaches forthe control of natural populations. We will focus our analysis on three major players of mosquitoreproduction: male accessory glands (MAGs), sperm, and spermatheca, in both laboratory and field settings.We will then translate this information into the identification of inhibitors of mosquito fertility. Theexperimental activities will be divided across three objectives. In Objective 1, we will unravel the role of theMAGs in shaping mosquito fertility and behaviour, by performing a combination of transcriptional andfunctional studies that will reveal the multifaceted activities of these tissues. In Objective 2 we will insteadfocus on the identification of the male and female factors responsible for sperm viability and function.Results obtained in both objectives will be validated in field mosquitoes. In Objective 3, we will performscreens aimed at the identification of inhibitors of mosquito reproductive success. This study will reveal asyet unknown molecular mechanisms underlying reproductive success in mosquitoes, considerably increasingour knowledge beyond the state-of-the-art and critically contributing with innovative tools and ideas to thefight against malaria.