6G-LUNAR · 6G Localization: The union of non-terrestrial, terrestrial networks, and RIS

The surge in demand for precise localization services, driven by location-based applications and autonomous vehicles (AVs), necessitates advancements beyond current GPS and 5G technologies. 6G presents a transformative opportunity by leveraging non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), sub-terahertz terrestrial networks (TNs), and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). NTNs extend cellular localization to remote areas through LEO satellite constellations. Utilization of sub-terahertz frequencies in TNs results in precise range and angle measurements, especially in complex urban environments. Finally, RIS enhances signal propagation by overcoming obstacles and extending the reach of NTNs and TNs. To this day, no unified framework exists for integrating NTN, TN, and RIS for localization purposes. The 6G-LUNAR project aims to bridge this gap to meet the stringent AV localization needs within the 6G-LUNAR paradigm. To do that, three work packages are set. WP1 focuses on developing a unified theoretical framework and a holistic simulation tool. WP2 derives the theoretical error bounds and conducts short-term and long-term system optimization. WP3 leverages the applicant's experience in sensor fusion algorithms to integrate NTN, TN, and RIS technologies. Various integration methods, including least-squares and Kalman filters, will be explored for snapshot localization and tracking. Loosely coupled and tightly coupled integration schemes will be evaluated and benchmarked against theoretical bounds using the simulation tool developed earlier. Realizing the 6G-LUNAR project will not only shape the future of cellular-based location services but also the future of the applicant. Through the vast network of the supervisor, the applicant will interact with world-leading academics and industries and participate in large EU projects. Through these interactions, the applicant will sharpen his technical and managerial skills to realize his dream of becoming a renowned academic.